Beauxarts Was a Painting Style of the Late 19th to Early 20th Century

Expresses the academic neoclassical architectural fashion

Beaux-Arts architecture

Top: The G staircase of the Palais Garnier (Paris), 1860–1875, by Charles Garnier; Centre: The CEC Palace on Victory Avenue (Bucharest, Romania), 1897–1900, by Paul Gottereau;[ane] Bottom: Archway of the K Palais (Paris), 1900, by Charles Girault
Years active	Early to tardily 19th century

Beaux-Arts compages ( bohz AR , French: [boz‿aʁ] ( listen )) was the bookish architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century. Information technology drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism, merely also incorporated Renaissance and Baroque elements, and used modern materials, such as fe and drinking glass. Information technology was an of import style in France until the stop of the 19th century.

History [edit]

The Beaux-Arts style evolved from the French classicism of the Style Louis XIV, and so French neoclassicism starting time with Style Louis XV and Manner Louis Sixteen. French architectural styles before the French Revolution were governed by Académie royale d'architecture (1671–1793), then, following the French Revolution, by the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Academy held the contest for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture, which offered prize winners a chance to study the classical architecture of artifact in Rome.^[2]

The formal neoclassicism of the quondam regime was challenged by four teachers at the University, Joseph-Louis Duc, Félix Duban, Henri Labrouste and Léon Vaudoyer, who had studied at the French University in Rome at the end of the 1820s. They wanted to break abroad from the strict formality of the old way by introducing new models of compages from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Their goal was to create an accurate French style based on French models. Their piece of work was aided beginning in 1837 by the creation of the Commission of Historic Monuments, headed by the writer and historian Prosper Mérimée, and by the great interest in the Center Ages acquired past the publication in 1831 of The Hunchback of Notre-Matriarch past Victor Hugo. Their alleged intention was to "banner upon our architecture a truly national character."^[three]

The way referred to equally Beaux-Arts in English reached the apex of its evolution during the Second Empire (1852–1870) and the Third Commonwealth that followed. The style of instruction that produced Beaux-Arts architecture connected without major interruption until 1968.^[2]

The Beaux-Arts style heavily influenced the architecture of the Usa in the period from 1880 to 1920.^[iv] In dissimilarity, many European architects of the flow 1860–1914 outside French republic gravitated abroad from Beaux-Arts and towards their ain national academic centers. Attributable to the cultural politics of the late 19th century, British architects of Purple classicism followed a somewhat more than independent class, a development culminating in Sir Edwin Lutyens's New Delhi government buildings.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Training [edit]

The Beaux-Arts training emphasized the mainstream examples of Majestic Roman architecture between Augustus and the Severan emperors, Italian Renaissance, and French and Italian Baroque models specially, but the grooming could then be applied to a broader range of models: Quattrocento Florentine palace fronts or French late Gothic. American architects of the Beaux-Arts generation often returned to Greek models, which had a strong local history in the American Greek Revival of the early 19th century. For the first time, repertories of photographs supplemented meticulous scale drawings and on-site renderings of details.

Beaux-Arts training made great apply of agrafes, clasps that link one architectural particular to some other; to interpenetration of forms, a Bizarre addiction; to "speaking compages" (architecture parlante) in which supposed appropriateness of symbolism could be taken to literal-minded extremes.

Beaux-Arts training emphasized the production of quick conceptual sketches, highly finished perspective presentation drawings, close attention to the programme, and knowledgeable detailing. Site considerations included the social and urban context.^[5]

All architects-in-grooming passed through the obligatory stages—studying antique models, constructing analos , analyses reproducing Greek or Roman models, "pocket" studies and other conventional steps—in the long competition for the few desirable places at the Académie de France à Rome (housed in the Villa Medici) with traditional requirements of sending at intervals the presentation drawings chosen envois de Rome.

Characteristics [edit]

Beaux-Arts architecture depended on sculptural decoration forth conservative modern lines, employing French and Italian Baroque and Rococo formulas combined with an impressionistic finish and realism. In the façade shown above, Diana grasps the cornice she sits on in a natural action typical of Beaux-Arts integration of sculpture with architecture.

Slightly overscaled details, bold sculptural supporting consoles, rich deep cornices, swags and sculptural enrichments in the most bravura stop the client could afford gave employment to several generations of architectural modellers and carvers of Italian and Central European backgrounds. A sense of appropriate idiom at the craftsman level supported the pattern teams of the kickoff truly modern architectural offices.

Characteristics of Beaux-Arts compages included:

• Flat roof^[4]
• Rusticated and raised start story^[4]
• Bureaucracy of spaces, from "noble spaces"—grand entrances and staircases—to utilitarian ones
• Arched windows^[4]
• Biconvex and pedimented doors^[4]
• Classical details:^[four] references to a synthesis of historicist styles and a tendency to eclecticism; fluently in a number of "manners"
• Symmetry^[4]
• Statuary,^[4] sculpture (bas-relief panels, figural sculptures, sculptural groups), murals, mosaics, and other artwork, all coordinated in theme to affirm the identity of the edifice
• Classical architectural details:^[iv] balustrades, pilasters, festoons, cartouches, acroteria, with a prominent display of richly detailed clasps (agrafes), brackets and supporting consoles
• Subtle polychromy

Beaux-Arts architecture past country [edit]

Europe [edit]

Belgium [edit]

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  Herenhuis Vandenbroeck on the Artery Molière and Avenue Brugmann, Brussels

Even though the way was not used as much every bit in neighbouring land French republic, some examples of Beaux-Arts buildings can notwithstanding be found in Belgium. The most prominent of these examples is the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, but the complexes and triumphal arch of the Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark in Brussels and expansions of the Palace of Laeken in Brussels and Royal Galleries of Ostend also deport the Beaux-Arts style, created by the French architect Charles Girault. Furthermore, various large Beaux-Arts buildings tin also be found in Brussels on the Avenue Molière/Molièrelaan. Equally an former educatee of the École des Beaux-Arts and every bit a designer of the Petit Palais, Girault was the figurehead of the Beaux-Arts around the 20th century. After the decease of Alphonse Balat, he became the new and favourite architect of Leopold II of Belgium. Since Leopold was the grandson of Louis Philippe I of France, he loved this specific building mode which is similar to and has its roots in the architecture that has been realized in the 17th and 18th century for the French crown.

Beaux-Arts buildings in Kingdom of belgium [edit]

• 1782: Palace of Laeken, Brussels (extensions)
• 1880: Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark, Brussels (complexes and triumphal curvation)
• 1898: Royal Museum for Key Africa, Tervuren
• 1902–1906: Regal Galleries of Ostend, Ostend (extensions)
• 1908: Artery Molière 177–179 / Avenue Brugmann 176–178, Brussels (a combination of Art Nouveau, Beaux-Arts and eclecticism)
• 1909: Artery Molière 193, Brussels
• 1910: Artery Molière 128, Brussels
• 1910: Avenue Molière 130, Brussels
• 1910: Avenue Molière 132, Brussels
• 1910: Artery Molière 207, Brussels
• 1912: Avenue Molière 519, Brussels
• 1912: Avenue Molière 305, Brussels

France [edit]

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The Beaux-Arts style in French republic in the 19th century was initiated by four immature architects trained at the École des Beaux-Arts, architects; Joseph-Louis Duc, Félix Duban, Henri Labrouste and Léon Vaudoyer, who had commencement studied Roman and Greek architecture at the Villa Medici in Rome, then in the 1820s began the systematic study of other celebrated architectural styles, including French compages of the Centre Ages and Renaissance. They instituted instruction about a variety of architectural styles at the École des Beaux-Arts, and installed fragments of Renaissance and Medieval buildings in the courtyard of the school so students could draw and copy them. Each of them also designed new non-classical buildings in Paris inspired by a diverseness of different historic styles: Labrouste built the Sainte-Geneviève Library (1844–1850), Duc designed the new Palais de Justice and Court of Cassation on the Île-de-la-Cité (1852–1868), Vaudroyer designed the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (1838–1867), and Duban designed the new buildings of the École des Beaux-Arts. Together, these buildings, drawing upon Renaissance, Gothic and Romanesque and other non-classical styles, broke the monopoly of neoclassical architecture in Paris.^[six]

Frg [edit]

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  Bode Museum, Berlin

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  Laeiszhalle, Hamburg

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  Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, Hamburg

Germany is ane of the countries where the Beaux-Arts style was well received, forth with Bizarre Revival architecture. The style was especially popular and most prominently featured in the now not-existent region of Prussia during the German Empire. The best example of Beaux-Arts buildings in Germany today are the Bode Museum in Berlin, and the Laeiszhalle and Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in Hamburg.

Beaux-Arts buildings in Germany [edit]

• 1898–1904: Bode Museum, Berlin
• 1904–1908: Laeiszhalle, Hamburg
• 1950(?): Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, Hamburg

Hungary [edit]

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  Budapest-Nyugati Pályaudvar, Budapest

Beaux-Arts buildings in Republic of hungary [edit]

• 1875–1877: Budapest Nyugati railway station, Budapest

Italy [edit]

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  Hotel Excelsior, Naples

Beaux-Arts buildings in Italian republic [edit]

• 1908: Hotel Excelsior, Naples

Netherlands [edit]

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  Plan C, Rotterdam

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  Blauwbrug, Amsterdam

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  Hogesluis, Amsterdam

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  Regentessebrug, Rotterdam

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  City hall, Rotterdam

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  Former Full general Mail Office, Rotterdam

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  Peace Palace, The Hague

Compared to other countries like France and Germany, the Beaux-Arts mode never really became prominent in the Netherlands. Withal, a handful of significant buildings have all the same been made in this fashion during the menstruation of 1880 to 1920, mainly being built in the cities of Rotterdam, Amsterdam and The Hague.

Beaux-Arts buildings in holland [edit]

• 1880–1889: Program C, Rotterdam (destroyed during the German language bombing of Rotterdam in 1940)
• 1883: Blauwbrug, Amsterdam
• 1883: Hogesluis, Amsterdam
• 1898: Regentessebrug, Rotterdam
• 1914–1920: City hall of Rotterdam (partially damaged during the Rotterdam Rush of 1940 but later restored)
• 1915–1923: Former General Post Office of Rotterdam (partially damaged during the Rotterdam Blitz of 1940 simply later restored)
• 1907–1913: Peace Palace, The Hague

Portugal [edit]

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  Edifício na Rua Alexandre Herculano, Lisbon

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  Edifício de Gaveto, Lisbon

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  Instituto Cardinal da Assistência Nacional aos Tuberculosos, Lisbon

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  Sede da Ordem dos Engenheiros, Lisbon

Beaux-Arts buildings in Portugal [edit]

• 1909–1911: Building on Rua Alexandre Herculano, Lisbon
• 1912: Headquarters of the Orders of Engineers, Lisbon
• 1913: Gaveto Edifice, Lisbon
• Primal Institute of National Assistance to Tuberculosis Portugal, Lisbon

Spain [edit]

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  Estación del Norte, Madrid (renamed the Estación de Príncipe Pío afterward renovation in 1995)

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  Hotel Santo Mauro, Madrid

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  Casino de Madrid

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  Edificio Metrópolis, Madrid

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  Casa Reynot, Madrid

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  Gran Vía 24, Madrid

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  Homes for the Marquis of Encinares, Madrid

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  Casa-Palacio de Tomás de Beruete, Madrid

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  Former Humanities Center of the Spanish National Inquiry Council, Madrid

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  Calle Mayor 6, Madrid

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  Spanish Navy Headquarters, Madrid

Beaux-Arts buildings in Espana [edit]

• 1876: Royal Economic Lodge of Friends of the State of Cartagena building, Cartagena
• 1876–1882: Northward Station, Madrid
• 1981: Casa Resines, Valladolid
• 1886: Gutierrez Passage, Valladolid
• 1902: Hotel Santo Mauro, Madrid
• 1905–1910: Casino de Madrid
• 1907–1911: Metropolis Building, Madrid
• 1908–1911: Calle de Montalbán 5, Madrid
• 1913–1916: Reynot Firm, Madrid
• 1919–1924: Gran Vía 24, Madrid
• 1920–1923: Homes for the Marquis of Encinares, Madrid
• 1921–1923: Mansion of Tomás de Beruete, Madrid
• 1922: One-time Humanities Center of the Spanish National Research Council, Madrid
• 1924: Calle Mayor six, Madrid
• 1925–1928: Regular army Headquarters, Madrid

North America [edit]

Canada [edit]

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Beaux-Arts was very prominent in public buildings in Canada in the early 20th century. Notably all three prairie provinces' legislative buildings are in this style.

Beaux-Arts buildings in Canada [edit]

• 1898: London and Lancashire Life Building, Montreal
• 1903: Old Montreal Stock Exchange Building
• 1905: Alden Hall, Meadville
• 1907: Royal Alexandra Theatre, Toronto
• 1909: Linton Apartments, Montreal
• 1912: Dominicus Belfry, Vancouver
• 1912: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal
• 1912: Government Conference Heart (originally a railway station past Ross and Macdonald), Ottawa
• 1912: Saskatchewan Legislative Building, Regina
• 1913: Alberta Legislative Edifice, Edmonton
• 1913–1920: Union Station, Toronto
• 1913–1931: Sun Life Edifice, Montreal
• 1920: Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg
• 1920: Millennium Center, Winnipeg
• 1923: Commemorative Arch, Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario
• 1923–1924: Bank of Nova Scotia, Ottawa
• 1924–2017: One-time Superior Court of Justice Edifice, Thunder Bay
• 1927: Marriage Station, Toronto
• 1930: Dominion Square Building, Montreal
• 1931: Canada Life Edifice, Toronto
• 1932: Mountain Royal Chalet, Montreal
• 1932: Indigenous Peoples Space, Ottawa (formerly the United States Diplomatic mission)
• 1935: Dominion Public Building, Toronto
• 1938–1946: Supreme Court of Canada Building, Ottawa
• 1943: Hockey Hall of Fame (formerly a branch of the Bank of Montreal), Toronto

Beaux-Arts architects in Canada [edit]

• William Sutherland Maxwell
• John M. Lyle
• Ross and Macdonald
• Sproatt & Rolph
• Pearson and Darling
• Ernest Cormier
• Jean-Omer Marchand fr:Jean-Omer Marchand

U.s. [edit]

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Beaux-Arts architecture had a strong influence on architecture in the Usa because of the many prominent American architects who studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, including Henry Hobson Richardson, John Galen Howard, Daniel Burnham, and Louis Sullivan.^{[ix] : 76}

The first American architect to nourish the École des Beaux-Arts was Richard Morris Hunt, between 1846 and 1855, followed by Henry Hobson Richardson in 1860. They were followed by an unabridged generation. Richardson absorbed Beaux-Arts lessons in massing and spatial planning, and then applied them to Romanesque architectural models that were not characteristic of the Beaux-Arts repertory. His Beaux-Arts training taught him to transcend slavish copying and recreate in the essential fully digested and idiomatic style of his models. Richardson evolved a highly personal style (Richardsonian Romanesque) freed of historicism that was influential in early on Modernism.^[ten]

The "White City" of the World'due south Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago was a triumph of the motion and a major impetus for the short-lived City Beautiful movement in the United states of america.^[eleven] Beaux-Arts city planning, with its Baroque insistence on vistas punctuated past symmetry, eye-catching monuments, axial avenues, uniform cornice heights, a harmonious "ensemble," and a somewhat theatrical nobility and attainable charm, embraced ethics that the ensuing Modernist move decried or simply dismissed.^[12] The first American university to institute a Beaux-Arts curriculum is the Massachusetts Found of Technology (MIT) in 1893, when the French architect Constant-Désiré Despradelle was brought to MIT to teach. The Beaux-Arts curriculum was after begun at Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania, and elsewhere.^[13] From 1916, the Beaux-Arts Found of Design in New York City schooled architects, painters, and sculptors to work as agile collaborators.

Numerous American academy campuses were designed in the Beaux-Arts, notably: Columbia University, (commissioned in 1896), designed by McKim, Mead & White; the University of California, Berkeley (deputed in 1898), designed past John Galen Howard; the United States Naval University (congenital 1901–1908), designed past Ernest Flagg; the campus of MIT (commissioned in 1913), designed past William W. Bosworth; Emory University and Carnegie Mellon University (commissioned in 1908 and 1904, respectively),^[14] both designed past Henry Hornbostel; and the University of Texas (commissioned in 1931), designed by Paul Philippe Cret.

While the mode of Beaux-Fine art buildings was adapted from historical models, the construction used the nearly modernistic available applied science. The Grand Palais in Paris (1897–1900) had a modernistic atomic number 26 frame inside; the classical columns were purely for ornament. The 1914–1916 construction of the Carolands Chateau south of San Francisco was built to withstand earthquakes, following the devastating 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The noted Spanish structural engineer Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908), famous for his vaultings, known as Guastavino tile work, designed vaults in dozens of Beaux-Arts buildings in Boston, New York, and elsewhere. Beaux-Arts architecture also brought a civic face up to railroads. Chicago's Union Station, Detroit'southward Michigan Key Station, Jacksonville'southward Spousal relationship Final, One thousand Key Terminal and the original Pennsylvania Station in New York, and Washington, DC'due south Spousal relationship Station are famous American examples of this way. Cincinnati has a number of notable Beaux-Arts style buildings, including the Hamilton Canton Memorial Building in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, and the old Eastward Cease Carnegie library in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood. An ecclesiastical variant on the Beaux-Arts style is Minneapolis' Basilica of St. Mary,^[fifteen] the first basilica in the United states, which was designed by Franco-American architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray (1861–1917) and opened in 1914, and a Freemason temple variant, the Plainfield Masonic Temple, in Plainfield, New Jersey, designed by John E. Minott in 1927. The main co-operative of the New York Public Library is another prominent example. Another prominent U.S. example of the style is the largest bookish dormitory in the globe, Bancroft Hall at the abovementioned United States Naval Academy.^[16] The tallest railway station in the world at the time of completion, Michigan Central Station in Detroit, was as well designed in the style.^[17]

Beaux-Arts architects in the United states of america [edit]

In the belatedly 1800s, during the years when Beaux-Arts architecture was at a superlative in French republic, Americans were one of the largest groups of foreigners in Paris. Many of them were architects and students of architecture who brought this style back to America.^[18] The following individuals, students of the École des Beaux-Arts, are identified as creating work characteristic of the Beaux-Arts style within the The states:

• Otto Eugene Adams
• William A. Dull
• William W. Bosworth
• Arthur Brown Jr.
• Daniel Burnham
• Carrère and Hastings
• James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter Jr.
• Paul Philippe Cret
• Edward Emmett Dougherty
• Ernest Flagg
• Robert Due west. Gibson
• C. P. H. Gilbert
• Cass Gilbert
• Thomas Hastings
• Raymond Hood
• Henry Hornbostel
• Richard Morris Hunt
• Albert Kahn
• Charles Klauder
• Ellamae Ellis League
• Electus D. Litchfield
• Austin W. Lord
• Emmanuel Louis Masqueray
• William Rutherford Mead
• John Eastward. Minott
• Julia Morgan
• Charles Follen McKim
• Harry B. Mulliken
• Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison
• Henry Orth
• Theodore Wells Pietsch I
• Willis Polk
• John Russell Pope
• Arthur Wallace Rice
• Henry Hobson Richardson
• Francis Palmer Smith
• Louis Sullivan
• Edward Lippincott Tilton
• Evarts Tracy of Tracy and Swartwout
• Horace Trumbauer
• Enock Colina Turnock
• Whitney Warren
• Stanford White

Charles McKim, William Mead, and Stanford White would ultimately become partners in the prominent architectural business firm of McKim, Mead & White, which designed many well-known Beaux-Arts buildings.^[19]

Southward America [edit]

Argentina [edit]

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From 1880 the so-called Generation of '80 came to ability in Argentine politics. These were admirers of France every bit a model republic, specially with regard to culture and artful tastes. Buenos Aires is a center of Beaux-Arts architecture which continued to be congenital as belatedly every bit the 1950s.^[20]

Beaux-Arts buildings in Argentina [edit]

• 1877–1894: Palacio de Aguas Corrientes, Buenos Aires
• 1889–1908: Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires
• 1889: Pabellón Argentino [es] (Argentine pavilion from the 1889 Paris Exposition Universelle), taken down and reconstructed in Buenos Aires (demolished in 1932)
• 1890: Estación Mar del Plata Sud [es], Mar del Plata (the train station was airtight in 1949, and was after damaged past burn. Although it was renovated, it is today much less adorned)
• 1894–1898: Buenos Aires Firm of Culture, Buenos Aires
• 1898–1906: Palace of the Argentine National Congress, Buenos Aires
• 1908–1910: Club Mar del Plata [es], Mar del Plata (burned down in 1961)
• 1908–1928: Kirchner Cultural Center, Buenos Aires
• 1926–1931: Buenos Aires Metropolis Legislature Palace, Buenos Aires
• 1908–1910: Tucumán Government Palace, San Miguel de Tucumán
• 1924–1929: Estrugamou Building, Buenos Aires

Beaux-Arts architects in Argentina [edit]

• Alejandro Bustillo
• Julio Dormal
• Gainza y Agote
• Alejandro Christophersen
• Edouard Le Monnier
• León Dourge (later an exponent of rationalism)
• Paul Pater
• Jacques Dunant
• Norbert Maillart
• Carlos Thays (landscape architect)

Brazil [edit]

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  Casa Lebre, São Paulo

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  Caetano de Campos House, São Paulo

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  Palace of the Champs Elysees, São Paulo

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  Municipal Theater of São Paulo

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  Coliseu Santista Theater, Santos

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  Tereza Toledo Lara Palace, São Paulo

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  Prates Mansions, São Paulo

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  Tiradentes Palace, Rio de Janeiro

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  Helvetia Palace, São Paulo

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  Alexandre Mackenzie Building, São Paulo

Beaux-Arts buildings in Brazil [edit]

• 1858: Casa Lebre, São Paulo
• 1890–1894: Caetano de Campos Firm, São Paulo
• 1896–1899: Palace of the Champs Elysees, São Paulo
• 1903–1911: Municipal Theater of São Paulo
• 1909: Coliseu Santista Theater, Santos, São Paulo
• 1910: Tereza Toledo Lara Palace, São Paulo
• 1911: Prates Mansions, São Paulo
• 1922–1926: Tiradentes Palace, Rio de Janeiro
• 1923: Helvetia Palace, São Paulo
• 1926–1929: Alexandre Mackenzie Edifice, São Paulo
• Artemis Hotel, São Paulo
• Banco de São Paulo Edifice, São Paulo
• Hôtel de La Rotisserie Sportsman, São Paulo
• Mococa Edifice, São Paulo

Republic of colombia [edit]

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  Palacio de San Francisco, Bogotá

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  Capitolio nacional, Bogotá

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  Palacio Echeverri, Bogotá

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  Casa de Nariño, Bogotá

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  Museo de la Policía, Bogotá

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  Teatro Colón, Bogotá

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  Banco Dugand, Barranquilla

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  Antigua Aduana, Barranquilla

Republic of peru [edit]

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  Gild Nacional, Lima

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  Edificio Rímac, Lima

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  Palacio Legislativo del Perú, Lima

Beaux-Arts buildings in Peru [edit]

• 1855: Guild Nacional, Lima
• 1906–1939: Legislative Palace, Lima
• 1919–1924: Edificio Rímac, Lima

Africa [edit]

Mozambique [edit]

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  Mercado Municipal, Maputo

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  Banco da Beira

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  Casa Infante de Sagres, Beira

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  Edifício practice Almoxarifado, Beira

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  Escola de Artes e Ofícios, Beira

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  Palácio dos Desportos, Beira

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  Standard Banking concern Building, Beira

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  Tribunal da Beira

Beaux-Arts buildings in Mozambique [edit]

• 1901?: Municipal Market place, Maputo
• 1933: Gil Vicente Theater, Maputo
• Banco da Beira, Beira
• Casa Ana, Beira
• Casa Infante de Sagres, Beira
• Edifício practice Almoxarifado, Beira
• Escola de Artes east Ofícios, Beira
• Palácio dos Desportos, Beira
• Standard Bank Building, Beira
• Tribunal da Beira

Asia [edit]

Nihon [edit]

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  Kobe Yusen Edifice, Kobe

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  Mitsui Main Building, Tokyo

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  Meiji Life Insurance Building, Tokyo

Beaux-Arts buildings in Japan [edit]

• 1918: Kobe Yusen Building, Kobe
• 1926–1929: Mitsui Main Building, Tokyo
• 1930–1934: Meiji Life Insurance Building, Tokyo
• Yokohama Yusen Building

Philippines [edit]

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  El Hogar Filipino Building, Manila

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  Regina Building, Manila

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  Luneta Hotel, Manila

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  Academy of Santo Tomas Main Edifice, Manila

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  Calvo Edifice, Manila

Beaux-Arts buildings in Philippines [edit]

• 1914: El Hogar Filipino Building, Escolta, Manila
• 1915: Regina Building, Escolta, Manila
• 1919: Jones Bridge, Ermita and Binondo, Manila
• 1919: Luneta Hotel, Ermita, Manila
• 1924–1927: Academy of Santo Tomas Main Building, Sampaloc, Manila
• 1928: Natividad Building, Escolta, Manila
• 1938: Calvo Building, Escolta, Manila
• Natalio Enriquez Mansion, Sariaya, Quezon

Oceania [edit]

Australia [edit]

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  Flinders Street railway station, Melbourne

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  General Post Office, Perth

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  Country Savings Bank edifice, Sydney

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  Bank of New South Wales building, Brisbane

Several Australian cities have some significant examples of the way. It was typically practical to large, solid-looking public part buildings and banks, especially during the 1920s.

Beaux-Arts buildings in Australia [edit]

• 1900–1910: Flinders Street railway station, Melbourne
• 1914–1923: General Post Office edifice, Forrest Identify, Perth
• 1916: Perpetual Trustee Company Limited, Hunter Street, Sydney
• 1917: Quondam Mail service Exchange Building, Melbourne
• 1920: National Theatre, Melbourne
• 1925–1928: Commonwealth Bank edifice, Martin Place, Sydney
• 1926: Argus Edifice, La Trobe Street, Melbourne
• 1927: Emily McPherson Higher of Domestic Economy, Melbourne
• 1928–1930: Banking company of New South Wales building, Elizabeth Street, Brisbane
• 1928: Port Authority building, Melbourne
• 1928 Herald Weekly Times Edifice, Flinders Street, Melbourne
• 1933: Republic Bank edifice, Forrest Place, Perth

New Zealand [edit]

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  One-time Auckland Railway Station, Auckland

Beaux-Arts buildings in New Zealand [edit]

• 1928–1930: Auckland Railway Station, Auckland

Encounter besides [edit]

• Academic art
• 2nd Empire architecture
• Beaux Arts Village, Washington

References [edit]

1. ^ Marinache, Oana (2017). Paul Gottereau - Un Regal în Arhitectură (in Romanian). Editura Istoria Artei. p. 184. ISBN978-606-8839-09-7.
2. ^ ^{a b} Robin Middleton, ed. (1982). The Beaux-Arts and Nineteenth-century French Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson.
3. ^ Texier 2012, p. 76.
4. ^ ^{a b c d due east f g h i} Clues to American Architecture. Klein and Fogle. 1986. p. 38. ISBN0-913515-18-3.
5. ^ Arthur Drexler, ed. (1977). The Architecture of the École des Beaux-Arts. New York: Museum of Modernistic Fine art.
6. ^ Texier 2012, pp. 76–77.
7. ^ "University Architect". campserv.emory.edu.
8. ^ "A New Era of Historic Grandeur is Ushered in with Opening of Amway Grand Plaza, Curio Drove by Hilton". Retrieved 7 September 2019.
9. ^ Texier 2012.
10. ^ James Philip Noffsinger. The Influence of the École des Beaux-arts on the Architects of the Us (Washington DC., Cosmic University of America Press, 1955).
11. ^ Howe, Jeffery. "Beaux-Arts Architecture in America". www.bc.edu. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 1 Baronial 2017.
12. ^ Chafee, Richard. The Compages of the École des Beaux-Arts. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
13. ^ Jarzombek, Mark (2004). Designing MIT: Bosworth's New Tech. Northeastern University Press.
14. ^ "Emory to demolish John Portman-designed Dobbs University Center". Archpaper.com. 13 February 2017. Retrieved nine June 2019.
15. ^ "Compages | The Basilica of Saint Mary". www.mary.org . Retrieved 9 November 2017.
16. ^ National Annals of Celebrated Places Nomination Form [folio 3]. National Park Service of the U.Southward. Department of the Interior, September 1977, equally recorded to the Maryland Land Athenaeum, 2 Dec 1992. Accessed 14 January 2016.
17. ^ Marcus, Jonathan. "Michigan Cardinal and the rebirth of Detroit". BBC News . Retrieved 16 July 2019.
18. ^ Beaux-arts Architecture in New York: A Photographic Guide Forepart Cover Courier Dover Publications, 1988 (page vii–viii)
19. ^ Richard Guy Wilson. McKim, Mead & White, Architects (New York: Rizzoli, 1983)
20. ^ Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Stephen Sennott (ed.), p. 186

Bibliography [edit]

• Texier, Simon (2012). Paris- Panorama de l'compages. Parigramme. ISBN978-2-84096-667-8. a ddi

Farther reading [edit]

• Reed, Henry Hope and Edmund Five. Gillon Jr. 1988. Beaux-Arts Architecture in New York: A Photographic Guide (Dover Publications: Mineola NY)
• United States. Commission of Fine Arts. 1978, 1988 (2 vols.). Sixteenth Street Architecture (The Commission of Fine Arts: Washington, D.C.: The Commission) – profiles of Beaux-Arts architecture in Washington D.C. SuDoc FA i.2: AR 2.

External links [edit]

• New York architecture images, Beaux-Arts gallery
• Advertisement film most the usage of the Beaux Arts style as a reference in kitchen blueprint
• Hallidie Building

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture

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